The phrase Acts of God was first introduced in the 1581 English court case of Wolfe vs Shelley and quickly integrated into common law. It was used successfully as a defense to avoid liability when an unforeseen event made it impossible to fulfil a business contract. This phrase and defense have been adopted by the modern insurance industry. Interestingly, the phrase and concept imply that humans are ultimately not in control and there is a God who is willing to intervene and disrupt human affairs.
Within Christian traditions there are a variety of perspectives surrounding natural disasters – their cause, meaning and divine purpose. Some believe that these events are merciful reminders that humanity is not in control and provide an occasion to turn to the One who is. Some believe that natural disasters are a form of divine judgement in which God allows the righteous to escape. Still others argue that the storms are simply the creation groaning under the weight of human sin.
In collaborate with students at CBU Riverside, this 2025 exhibition in Venice highlights case studies – buildings that have withstood a natural disaster. Our hope is that this work will shed light on the current situation, identify lessons and encourage design professionals to form appropriate strategies moving forward.